Python语言常用脚本

Python 常用脚本

CH341A 模块

FTDI 模块

import ft4222
import ft4222.I2CMaster
# 需要在命令行使用以下命令，安装库
# pip install ft4222
# list devices
nbDev = ft4222.createDeviceInfoList()
for i in range(nbDev):
    print(ft4222.getDeviceInfoDetail(i, False))

python venv

这是 Python 自带的包管理器，下面介绍常用命令。

# 创建环境
python -m venv /path/to/your/venv
# 激活环境 Windows
/path/to/your/venv/Scripts/activate
# 激活环境 Linux
source /path/to/your/venv/bin/activate
# 退出环境
deactivate

pip set

# 导出包
pip freeze > requirements.txt
# 导入包
pip install -r requirements.txt
# pip 安装到指定路径
pip install package_name -t /path/to/your/directory

pip package list

pip install vcdvcd
pip install python-lsp-server

文档

https://docs.python.org/zh-cn/3/download.html

https://peps.python.org/

LearnPython

模块

安装

pip install pyelftools PySimpleGUI lxml numpy chardet scipy matplotlib
pip install pyvisa pandas shutil
pip install shutil openpyxl

说明

# 用来暂停
os.system("pause")

打包应用

# -F 表示 打包为单个文件
# -w 表示为没有控制台
# -i .\favicon.ico 添加应用图标
pyinstaller.exe -F -w -i .\favicon.ico .\test.py

wav 250

import wave
import math
import array

音频参数

sample_rate = 44100 # 采样频率
duration = 60*10 # 音频时长（秒）

创建一个新的 WAV 文件

output_file = wave.open(‘output.wav’, ‘w’)
output_file.setnchannels(1) # 单声道
output_file.setsampwidth(2) # 2 字节，16 位
output_file.setframerate(sample_rate)

生成 250Hz 的音频数据

samples = array.array(‘h’, [0] _ (sample_rate _ duration))
amplitude = 2 ** 15 - 1 # 振幅

for i in range(len(samples)):
t = float(i) / sample*rate # 当前时间（秒）
samples[i] = int(amplitude * math.sin(2 _ math.pi _ 250 _ t))

将音频数据写入 WAV 文件

output_file.writeframes(samples)

关闭 WAV 文件

output_file.close()

import numpy as np
from scipy.io import wavfile
import wave

def generatesine_wave(freq, duration, filename): # 采样率
sample_rate = 44100 # 生成时间轴
t = np.linspace(0, duration, int(duration * samplerate), endpoint=False) # 生成正弦波信号
wave_data = np.sin(2 * np.pi _ freq _ t) # 将信号归一化到 16 位范围内
wave_data_normalized = (wave_data * 32767).astype(np.int16)

# 创建并保存wav文件
with wave.open(filename, 'wb') as wav_file:
    wav_file.setnchannels(1)  # 设置为单声道
    wav_file.setsampwidth(2)  # 设置采样大小为2字节（16位）
    wav_file.setframerate(sample_rate)  # 设置采样率
    wav_file.writeframes(wave_data_normalized.tobytes())

示例：生成 1000Hz 频率，持续 2 秒的正弦波 wav 文件

generate_sine_wave(1000, 2, “sine_wave.wav”)

Excel

import as xl
workbook = xl.load_workbook(filename=”D:\Documents\aa.xlsx”)
workbook.sheetnames

pip

方法一： 打开网址,https://pypi.org/project/pip/#files

然后下载源码，解压，打开命令行，输入命令python setup.py install

输入pip --version，查看是否安装成功

方法二： 打开终端，执行py get-pip.py

安装模块: pip install module-name 例如： pip install pyelftools

• juypter
• pillow
• requests
• pyinstaller

# 参数解释： F只产生一个exe，w是不使用控制台,i是图标
pyinstaller  -i xxx.icon -Fw demo.py

FAQ

Q: 指定版本运行脚本？
A: py -3.7 a.py

#
import PySimpleGUI as sg
layout = [[sg.Text('Your typed chars appear here:'), sg.Text(size=(15,1), key='-OUTPUT-')],
          [sg.Input(key='-IN-')],
          [sg.Button('Show'), sg.Button('Exit')]]

window = sg.Window('Test', layout)

while True:  # Event Loop
    event, values = window.read()
    print(event, values)
    if event in  (None, 'Exit'):
        break
    if event == 'Show':
        # Update the "output" text element to be the value of "input" element
        window['-OUTPUT-'].update(values['-IN-'])

window.close()
#
import os
import re

def batch_rename_files(directory, regex_pattern, new_text):
    for filename in os.listdir(directory):
        if re.match(regex_pattern, filename):
            new_filename = re.sub(regex_pattern, new_text, filename)
            os.rename(os.path.join(directory, filename), os.path.join(directory, new_filename))

# 指定目录和正则表达式
directory = "D:/aaaa"
regex_pattern = r'FPGA_240109b(.*)'
new_text = r'FPGA_240109(-3_6)\1'   #\1指保留其他部分不变

# 执行批量重命名
batch_rename_files(directory, regex_pattern, new_text)


# 生成指定的bin
import os
import binascii
import random

file_path = 'example.bin'
# file_size = 0x3150
file_size = 1024*8

with open(file_path, 'wb') as f:
    remaining_bytes = file_size
    buffer_size = 1024  # 每次写入的字节数
    while remaining_bytes > 0:
        buffer = bytearray(random.getrandbits(8) for _ in range(min(buffer_size, remaining_bytes)))
        f.write(buffer)
        remaining_bytes -= buffer_size

# 音量
import PyAutoGUI
import time

while 1:
    pyautogui.press('volumeup')    #调大音量
    time.sleep(5)
    pyautogui.press('volumedown') #调小音量
    time.sleep(5)
#pyautogui.press('volumemute') #静音

# 图形化
import PySimpleGUI as sg
# sg.popup('demo ok')
# sg.popup_ok_cancel('PopupOKCancel')
# sg.popup_error('PopupError')  # Shows red error button
# sg.popup_timed('PopupTimed')  # Automatically closes
# 例子：
text = sg.popup_get_file('Please enter a file name')


import PySimpleGUI as sg
import json
sg.set_options(font=('Arial Bold', 16))
layout = [
   [sg.Text('Settings', justification='left')],
   [sg.Text('User name', size=(10, 1), expand_x=True),
   sg.Input(key='-USER-')],
   [sg.Text('email ID', size=(10, 1), expand_x=True),
   sg.Input(key='-ID-')],
   [sg.Text('Role', size=(10, 1), expand_x=True),
   sg.Input(key='-ROLE-')],
   [sg.Button("LOAD"), sg.Button('SAVE'), sg.Button('Exit')]
]
window = sg.Window('User Settings Demo', layout, size=(715, 200))
# Event Loop
while True:
   event, values = window.read()
   if event in (sg.WIN_CLOSED, 'Exit'):
      break
   if event == 'LOAD':
      f = open("settings.txt", 'r')
      settings = json.load(f)
      window['-USER-'].update(value=settings['-USER-'])
      window['-ID-'].update(value=settings['-ID-'])
      window['-ROLE-'].update(value=settings['-ROLE-'])
   if event == 'SAVE':
      settings = {'-USER-': values['-USER-'],
      '-ID-': values['-ID-'],
      '-ROLE-': values['-ROLE-']}
      f = open("settings.txt", 'w')
      json.dump(settings, f)
      f.close()
window.close()




import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
import numpy as np
from matplotlib.backends.backend_tkagg import FigureCanvasTkAgg
import PySimpleGUI as sg
import matplotlib
matplotlib.use('TkAgg')
fig = matplotlib.figure.Figure(figsize=(5, 4), dpi=100)
t = np.arange(0, 3, .01)
fig.add_subplot(111).plot(t, 2 * np.sin(2 * np.pi * t))
def draw_figure(canvas, figure):
   tkcanvas = FigureCanvasTkAgg(figure, canvas)
   tkcanvas.draw()
   tkcanvas.get_tk_widget().pack(side='top', fill='both', expand=1)
   return tkcanvas
layout = [[sg.Text('Plot test')],
   [sg.Canvas(key='-CANVAS-')],
   [sg.Button('Ok')]]
window = sg.Window('Matplotlib In PySimpleGUI', layout, size=(715, 500), finalize=True, element_justification='center', font='Helvetica 18')

# add the plot to the window
tkcanvas = draw_figure(window['-CANVAS-'].TKCanvas, fig)
event, values = window.read()
window.close()


import PySimpleGUI as psg
psg.set_options(font=('Arial Bold', 16))
layout = [
   [psg.Text('Enter a num: '), psg.Input(key='-FIRST-')],
   [psg.Text('Enter a num: '), psg.Input(key='-SECOND-')],
   [psg.Text('Result : '), psg.Text(key='-OUT-')],
   [psg.Button("Add"), psg.Button("Sub"), psg.Exit()],
]
window = psg.Window('Calculato1r', layout, size=(715, 180))
while True:
   event, values = window.read()
   print(event, values)
   if event == "Add":
      result = int(values['-FIRST-']) + int(values['-SECOND-'])
   if event == "Sub":
      result = int(values['-FIRST-']) - int(values['-SECOND-'])
   window['-OUT-'].update(result)
   if event == psg.WIN_CLOSED or event == 'Exit':
      break
window.close()

import PySimpleGUI as sg

# 定义布局
layout = [[sg.Text('Hello PySimpleGUI!')],
          [sg.Button('OK')],
          [sg.Button('continue')]]

# 创建窗口
window = sg.Window('aa', layout,icon = 'edit_icon.ico')

# 事件循环
while True:
    event, values = window.read()

    if event == sg.WINDOW_CLOSED or event == 'OK':
        break
    elif event == 'continue':
        sg.popup("aaaaaaaaaaaaaa")

# 关闭窗口
window.close()

import PySimpleGUI as sg
import os

def main():
    # 定义历史记录文件路径
    history_file = 'history.txt'

    # 创建布局
    layout = [
        [sg.Text('File 1:'), sg.InputText(key='file1'), sg.FileBrowse(initial_folder=get_last_path(history_file, 0))],
        [sg.Text('File 2:'), sg.InputText(key='file2'), sg.FileBrowse(initial_folder=get_last_path(history_file, 1))],
        [sg.Text('File 3:'), sg.InputText(key='file3'), sg.FileBrowse(initial_folder=get_last_path(history_file, 2))],
        [sg.Text('File 4:'), sg.InputText(key='file4'), sg.FileBrowse(initial_folder=get_last_path(history_file, 3))],
        [sg.Button('OK')],
    ]

    # 创建窗口
    window = sg.Window('File Selector', layout)

    while True:
        event, values = window.read()

        if event == sg.WINDOW_CLOSED:
            break

        if event == 'OK':
            # 保存历史记录
            save_history(history_file, values['file1'], values['file2'], values['file3'], values['file4'])

            # 弹出消息框
            sg.popup('Hello World!')
            break

    window.close()

def get_last_path(history_file, index):
    # 从历史记录文件中获取上次保存的路径
    if os.path.exists(history_file):
        with open(history_file, 'r') as file:
            history = file.readlines()
            if len(history) > index:
                return history[index].strip()
    return ''

def save_history(history_file, *paths):
    # 将当前选择的路径保存到历史记录文件中
    with open(history_file, 'w') as file:
        for path in paths:
            file.write(f'{path}\n')

if __name__ == '__main__':
    main()


import PySimpleGUI as sg

sg.theme('Default1')   # 设置当前主题
# 界面布局，将会按照列表顺序从上往下依次排列，二级列表中，从左往右依此排列
layout = [  [sg.Text('Some text on Row 1')],
            [sg.Text('Enter something on Row 2'), sg.InputText()],
            [sg.Button('Ok'), sg.Button('Cancel')] ]

# 创造窗口
window = sg.Window('Window Title', layout)
# 事件循环并获取输入值
while True:
    event, values = window.read()
    if event in (None, 'Cancel'):   # 如果用户关闭窗口或点击`Cancel`
        break
    print('You entered ', values[0])

window.close()


import PySimpleGUI as sg

layout = [[sg.Text('My one-shot window.')],
                 [sg.InputText()],
                 [sg.Submit(), sg.Cancel()]]

window = sg.Window('Window Title', layout)

event, values = window.read()

window.close()
text_input = values[0]
sg.popup('You entered', text_input) # 弹出窗口



import PySimpleGUI as sg
layout = [[sg.Text('Your typed chars appear here:'), sg.Text(size=(15,1), key='-OUTPUT-')],
          [sg.Input(key='-IN-')],
          [sg.Button('Show'), sg.Button('Exit')]]

window = sg.Window('Pattern 2B', layout)

while True:  # Event Loop
    event, values = window.read()
    print(event, values)
    if event in  (None, 'Exit'):
        break
    if event == 'Show':
        # Update the "output" text element to be the value of "input" element
        window['-OUTPUT-'].update(values['-IN-'])

window.close()

import PySimpleGUI as sg

layout = [[sg.Text('A custom progress meter')],
          [sg.ProgressBar(1000, orientation='h', size=(20, 20), key='progressbar')],
          [sg.Cancel()]]

window = sg.Window('Custom Progress Meter', layout)
progress_bar = window['progressbar']
# loop that would normally do something useful
for i in range(1000):
    # check to see if the cancel button was clicked and exit loop if clicked
    event, values = window.read(timeout=10)
    if event == 'Cancel'  or event is None:
        break
  # update bar with loop value +1 so that bar eventually reaches the maximum
    progress_bar.UpdateBar(i + 1)
# done with loop... need to destroy the window as it's still open
window.close()

import PySimpleGUI as sg
sg.theme('Default1')
text = sg.popup_get_file('Please enter a file name',no_window=False)
print(text)

import PySimpleGUI as sg
theme_name_list = sg.theme_list()
sg.theme_previewer()
sg.theme('Default1')
layout = [[sg.Text('Theme Browser')],
          [sg.Text('Click a Theme color to see demo window')],
          [sg.Listbox(values=sg.theme_list(), size=(20, 12), key='-LIST-', enable_events=True)],
          [sg.Button('Exit')]]
window = sg.Window('Theme Browser', layout)

while True:  # Event Loop
    event, values = window.read()
    if event in (None, 'Exit'):
        break
    sg.theme(values['-LIST-'][0])
    sg.popup_get_text('This is {}'.format(values['-LIST-'][0]))

window.close()



import PySimpleGUI as psg
text = psg.popup_get_text('Enter your name', title="Textbox")
print ("You entered: ", text)
file=psg.popup_get_file('Select a file',  title="File selector")
print ("File selected", file)
folder=psg.popup_get_folder('Get folder', title="Folder selector")
print ("Folder selected",folder)
ch = psg.popup_yes_no("Do you want to Continue?",  title="YesNo")
print ("You clicked", ch)
ch = psg.popup_ok_cancel("Press Ok to proceed", "Press cancel to stop",  title="OkCancel")
if ch=="OK":
   print ("You pressed OK")
if ch=="Cancel":
   print ("You pressed Cancel")
psg.popup_no_buttons('You pressed', ch, non_blocking=True)
psg.popup_auto_close('This window will Autoclose')



import PySimpleGUI as psg
layout = [
   [psg.Text('Name '), psg.Input()],
   [psg.Text('Address '), psg.Input()],
   [psg.Text('Email ID '), psg.Input()],
   [psg.OK(), psg.Exit()]
]
window = psg.Window('Form', layout)
while True:
   event, values = window.read()
   if event == psg.WIN_CLOSED or event == 'Exit':
      break
   print (event, values)
window.close()

import PySimpleGUI as psg
psg.set_options(font=('Arial Bold', 16))
layout = [
   [psg.Text('Name ', size=(15, 1)),
   psg.Input(key='-NM-', expand_x=True)],
   [psg.Text('Address ', size=(15, 1)),
   psg.Input(key='-AD-', expand_x=True)],
   [psg.Text('Email ID ', size=(15, 1)),
   psg.Input(key='-ID-', expand_x=True)],
   [psg.Text('You Entered '), psg.Text(key='-OUT-')],
   [psg.OK(), psg.Exit()],
]
window = psg.Window('Form', layout, size=(715, 200))
while True:
   event, values = window.read()
   print(event, values)
   out = values['-NM-'] + ' ' + values['-AD-'] + ' ' + values['-ID-']
   window['-OUT-'].update(out)
   if event == psg.WIN_CLOSED or event == 'Exit':
      break
window.close()

FTDI module

import ft4222
import ft4222.I2CMaster


# 需要在命令行使用以下命令，安装库
# pip install ft4222

# list devices
nbDev = ft4222.createDeviceInfoList()
for i in range(nbDev):
    print(ft4222.getDeviceInfoDetail(i, False))

生成音频

# wav 250
import wave
import math
import array

# 音频参数
sample_rate = 44100  # 采样频率
duration = 60*1  # 音频时长（秒）

# 创建一个新的WAV文件
output_file = wave.open('output.wav', 'w')
output_file.setnchannels(1)  # 单声道
output_file.setsampwidth(2)  # 2字节，16位
output_file.setframerate(sample_rate)

# 生成250Hz的音频数据
samples = array.array('h', [0] * (sample_rate * duration))
amplitude = 2 ** 15 - 1  # 振幅

for i in range(len(samples)):
    t = float(i) / sample_rate  # 当前时间（秒）
    samples[i] = int(amplitude * math.sin(2 * math.pi * 250 * t))

# 将音频数据写入WAV文件
output_file.writeframes(samples)

# 关闭WAV文件
output_file.close()

打包的时候使用:

pyinstaller --icon=edit_icon.ico --noconsole  --onefile demo.py